What principle allows the three branches of government to limit each other's powers?

• A. Separation of powers
• B. Checks and balances
• C. Federalism
• D. Judicial review

Answer: (B)

The principle that allows the three branches of government to limit each other's powers is known as checks and balances. This system was established by the framers of the Constitution to ensure that no single branch—executive, legislative, or judicial—could dominate the others or operate without oversight. Each branch has specific powers that can affect the actions of the others, creating a balance in governance.

For example, while Congress (the legislative branch) has the power to make laws, the president (the executive branch) has the authority to veto legislation. Similarly, the judicial branch has the power to interpret laws and can rule legislation or executive actions unconstitutional, which serves as a check on the other branches. This interdependence reinforces the concept of limited government and protects individual rights by preventing any single branch from becoming too powerful.

Other options like separation of powers refer to the division of government responsibilities among the three branches, while federalism pertains to the distribution of power between the national and state governments. Judicial review is the power of the courts to examine and invalidate actions that violate the Constitution but does not directly refer to the overarching mechanism of limiting powers among the branches. Thus, checks and balances is the specific principle that embodies this crucial aspect of governance.